Friday 12 September 2014
Sunday 31 August 2014
CURRICULUM CONSTRUCTION
CURRICULUM CONSTRUCTION
SRUTHY RAJ.
CLASS NO. 16
SABARIGIRI COLLEGE OFEDUCATION
INTRODUCTION
The word ‘curriculum’ is derived from the Latin word
‘currere’ which means ‘race’ course or a Runway. In this sense curriculum is
the path through which the learner runs to reach the goal. The curriculum is
the heart of schooling or educational process. Curriculum is a broad-
basedbeing encompassing every aspect concerning the
educational process that is, the totality of experience that a pupil carries
through the manifold activities that go on in the school in the classroom.
Library Laboratory, playground and in the numerous informal contacts between teachers
and pupils. In this sense of the school becomes the curriculum which can touch
the life of the students at all point and help in the evolution of a balanced
personality.
CONTENT
Curriculum is intimately related
with all aspects of education. While education is a developmental process sacred
towards a courted goal. Curriculum is the input aswell as the medium that
provides with the goal oriented direction to the process. While education is
the result of learning. Curriculum signifies situations and experiences for
learning. Education dealsprimarily with
what and in what way. Curriculum is the plan for guiding the goal oriented
education process. This plan considers four important components namely, the
objectives deciding by philosophical and psychological considerations. The
content for learning material teaching learning strategies and activities,
evaluation.
Curriculum and education
Education in the broadsense means
that transmittance a cultural heritage. Education can be divided into two
heading formal education and Informal Education. Formal is through academic
while informal education is through contact with people and tours and travels.
Visiting places of important historical and divine would give the students a
broad knowledge. Curriculum provide the mean for the all round development of
the child, it is very important to study
the curriculum construction principles for a teacher trainee Curriculum is
intimately related with all aspects of education, while education is a
developmental process, sacred towards development, curriculum is the most
crucial input that proceeds with goal oriented direction to that process. While
education is the result of learning, curriculum signifies situations and
experiences for learning. The present study has great significance because
curriculum is a plan for guiding the goal oriented education process. This plan
considers four important components namely;
The objectives (decided by
Philosophical, sociological and psychological considerations)
The content or learning material
Teaching-Learning strategies and
activities.
Evaluation
TYPES OF CURRICULUM
The modern concept of education is
much different from that of the traditional one. New systems of education have
developed in tune with new by Philosophical, sociological and psychological
principles and outlooks. In tune with this new types of curriculum that would
suit the requirements of the new educational system also have emerged. Some of
the major types of curricula are discussed below.
1 Traditional
or subject-centered curriculum
Thetraditional curriculum which was
in vogue for a sufficiently long time. Is conceived of in terms of subjectsof
study. Such a curriculum is organized with the greatest emphasis on knowledge
including facts, concepts, principles, processes and skills in the subject concerned.
2 Activity
Centeredcurriculums
Pestalozzi declared that, verbal
system of teaching suits neither the faculties of the child nor the
circumstances of life”. All these led to the activity principle in education
which laid the foundation for activity centered curriculum. In activity
centered curriculum, subject matter is translated in terms of activities and
knowledge is gained as an out growth and product of those activities. Activity
is used as the medium for impacting knowledge, attitudes and as well as skills.
3 Child
–centered curriculum
This is learner oriented. Subjects
should be chosen and taught keeping in view of the social, emotional and
intellectual needs of children as well as their capabilities and developmental
status.
4 Experience-centered
curriculum
This lays stress on the
experiencewhich the individual is to get while participating in the process of
learning. Under this pattern experience of the individual is the starting point
of learning and not the subject matter or the interest of the individual
PRICIPLES
OF CURRICULUM CONSTRUCTION
The curriculum should take into
consideration the nature of the learners. Due consideration should be given to
the social, physical and psychological difference of children. Curriculum
material should appeal to the children and must be farming the curriculum, the
capacities of children for whom the curriculum is meant should be kept in view.
Principles of forward lookingness
The curriculum should aim at
enabling a child for a better future. If should be able to provide meaningful
learning experiences to deal with the society around. It should enable the
leaner to express their opinions, solve problems etc.
Principles of utility
The curriculum should provide
meaningful learning experience to the learner. The learner has to be a
beneficiary of the curriculum by gaining the readiness to accept challenges,
adventure spirit, ability to make new discoveries, ability to formulate one’s
own opinion etc…
Principles of flexibility
The curriculum should never be static.
The advancement in the field of technology should be effectively tapped for
effective classroom transaction of knowledge. Variety experiences that suit the
present day need may be incorporated off and on.
Principle of Creativity
The curriculum should envision the learner’s
ability to construct knowledge and revise the existing knowledge. More
innovative and creative process of learners should be including.
FOUNDATIONS
OF CURRICULUM
Philosophical
foundation
It is philosophy of a society that
determines the ultimate aims of its education. The social structure and its
economic organizations are also based on philosophical foundations. Philosophy
considers such fundamental and profound issues such as men place in the
universe the aims of nature, the aims of society, the relationship between man
and society, and so on. Various philosophies such as Idealism, Naturalism,
pragmatism, realism etc have different views on these issues and hence
different answers too. This difference
is sure to be reflected in the respective educational systems and their
curricula also.
Sociological foundation
The sociological foundation of
education demands that we should bear in mind the needs, requirements and
aspirations of the community for which an educational system is designed.
Sociological approach considers not only the needs of the society, but also the
needs of the learner. I takes into its cognizance not only the needs of the
pupils at the present times but also their future needs as citizens and adult
members of the society. Since the curriculum suggests the plan of action for
any educational system.
Psychological foundations
The most important basis of
curriculum formation is psychological considerations. In modern times so much
research has been conducted in the sphere of educational psychology that it has
become an independent branch of study. The results of these research studies have
had great impact on the shaping of curricula.
CONCLUSION
The curriculum is one of the most
important factors which determine the overall development of a child. A
curriculum should be well balanced, properly graded, fairly board based and
appropriately designed for meeting the needs of the child on the one hand and
those of the society on the other hand. Every English teacher
has to get a clear and thorough knowledge about importance meaning, scope and
nature of a good curriculum together with the principle of curriculum
construction.
REFERENCE
www.wikipedia.com
Jessam 2006 contemporary English Teaching.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)